KOI HERPESVIRUS DISEASE - Chapter 2.1.17.
(Appendix proposed for adoption at the 75th General Session)
Appendix XIV
Article 2.1.17.1.
For the purposes of the Aquatic Code, koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD) means infection with the viral species
koi herpesvirus (KHV) tentatively placed in the sub-family Cyprinid herpesvirus of the family Herpesviridae.
Methods for conducting surveillance and diagnosis of koi herpesvirus disease are provided in the Aquatic Manual.
Article 2.1.17.2.
Scope
The recommendations in this Chapter apply to: common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio), ghost carp (Cyprinus carpio goi), koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) and common carp hybrids (e.g. Cyprinus carpio x Carassius auratus). These recommendations also apply to any other susceptible species referred to in the Aquatic Manual when traded internationally.
Article 2.1.17.3.
Commodities
1. When authorising the importation or transit of the following commodities, the Competent Authorities should not require any KHVD related conditions, regardless of the KHVD status of the exporting country, zone or compartment:
- a) For the species referred to in Article 2.1.17.2. being used for any purpose:
i) commodities treated in a manner that kills the host and inactivates the disease agent e.g. leather
made from fish skin, pasteurised products and ready to eat meals; and fish oil and fish meal
intended for use in animal feeds (deleted -commercially sterile canned fish)- ;
ii) (deleted -leather made from fish) skin biological samples preserved for diagnostic applications in such
a manner as to inactivate the disease agent. - b) The following commodities destined for human consumption from the species referred to in
Article 2.1.17.2. which have been prepared and packaged for direct retail trade(deleted- in such a way as
to minimise the likelihood of alternative uses:)
(deleted - i) chemically preserved products (e.g. smoked, salted, pickled, marinated, etc.);)
(deleted - ii) products (e.g. ready prepared meals and fish oil) that have been heat treated in a manner to
ensure the inactivation of the pathogen; )
iii) eviscerated fish (chilled or frozen)(deleted - packaged for direct retail trade;)
iiv) fillets or cutlets (chilled or frozen);
iiiv) dried eviscerated fish (including air dried, flame dried and sun dried).- For the commodities referred to in point 1b), Member Countries should consider introducing internal
measures to prevent the commodity being used for any purpose other than for human consumption.
2. When authorising the importation or transit of the commodities of a species referred to in
Article 2.1.17.2., other than those referred to in point 1 of Article 2.1.17.3., the Competent Authorities
should require the conditions prescribed in Articles 2.1.17.7. to 2.1.17.12. relevant to the KHVD
status of the exporting country, zone or compartment.
3. When considering the importation/transit from an exporting country, zone or compartment not declared
free of KHVD of any live commodity of a species not covered in Article 2.1.17.2. but which could
reasonably be expected to be a potential KHV vector, the Competent Authorities should conduct an risk
analysis in accordance with the recommendations in the Aquatic Code (deleted - of the risk of introduction,
establishment and spread of KHVD, and the potential consequences, associated with the importation
of the commodity prior to a decision.) The exporting country should be informed of the outcome of this
assessment.
Article 2.1.17.4.
Koi herpesvirus disease free country
A country may make a self-declaration of freedom from KHVD if it meets the conditions in points 1, 2, 3 or 4
below.
If a country shares a zone with one or more other countries, it can only make a self-declaration of freedom from
KHVD if all the areas covered by the shared water are declared KHVD free countries or zones (see
Article 2.1.17.5.).
1. A country where none of the susceptible species referred to in Article 2.1.17.2. is present may make a selfdeclaration
of freedom from KHVD when basic biosecurity conditions have been continuously met
in the country for at least the past 2 years.
OR
2. A country where the susceptible species referred to in Article 2.1.17.2. are present but there has never
been any observed occurrence of the disease for at least the past 25 years despite conditions that are
conducive to its clinical expression, as described in Chapter 2.1.17. of the Aquatic Manual, may make a
self-declaration of freedom from KHVD when basic biosecurity conditions have been continuously met in the
country for at least the past 10 years.
OR
3. A country where the last observed occurrence of the disease was within the past 25 years, or where the
infection status prior to targeted surveillance was unknown,(deleted- for example because of) (e.g. the absence of
conditions conducive to its clinical expression, as described in Chapter 2.1.17. of the Aquatic Manual),
may make a self-declaration of freedom from KHVD when:
a) basic biosecurity conditions have been continuously met for at least the past 2 years; and
b) targeted surveillance, as described in Chapters 1.1.4. and 2.1.17. of the Aquatic Manual, has been in
place for at least the last 2 years without detection of KHV.
OR
4. A country that has previously made a self-declaration of freedom from KHVD but in which the disease is
subsequently detected may (deleted - not) make a self-declaration of freedom from KHVD again (deleted - until) when the
following conditions have been met:
a) on detection of the disease, the affected area was declared an infected zone and a buffer zone was
established; and
b) infected populations have been destroyed or removed from the infected zone by means that
minimise the risk of further spread of the disease, and the appropriate disinfection procedures (see
Aquatic Manual) have been completed; and
c) targeted surveillance, as described in Chapters 1.1.4. and 2.1.17. of the Aquatic Manual, has been in
place for at least the last 2 years without detection of KHV; and
d) previously existing basic biosecurity conditions have been reviewed and modified as necessary and
have continuously been in place for at least the past 2 years.
In the meantime, part of the non-affected area may be declared a free zone provided that it such part
meets the conditions in point 3 of Article 2.1.17.5.
Article 2.1.17.5.
Koi herpesvirus disease free zone or free compartment
A zone or compartment within the territory of one or more countries not declared free from KHVD may be
declared free by the Competent Authority(ies) of the country(ies) concerned if the zone or compartment meets
the conditions referred to in points 1, 2, 3 or 4 below.
If a zone or compartment extends over more than one country, it can only be declared a KHVD free zone or
compartment if all the Competent Authorities confirm that the conditions have been met.
1. A zone or compartment where none of the susceptible species referred to in Article 2.1.17.2. is present may
be declared free from KHVD when basic biosecurity conditions have been continuously met in the zone or
compartment for at least the past 2 years.
OR
2. A zone or compartment where the susceptible species referred to in Article 2.1.17.2. are present but there
has never been any observed occurrence of the disease for at least the past 25 years despite conditions
that are conducive to its clinical expression, as described in Chapter 2.1.17. of the Aquatic Manual, may
be declared free from KHVD when basic biosecurity conditions have been continuously met in the zone or
compartment for at least the past 10 years.
OR
3. A zone or compartment where the last observed occurrence of the disease was within the past 25 years, or
where the infection status prior to targeted surveillance was unknown, (deleted - for example ) (e.g. because of the
absence of conditions conducive to its clinical expression, as described in Chapter 2.1.17. of the
Aquatic Manual), may be declared free from KHVD when:
a) basic biosecurity conditions have been continuously met for at least the past 2 years; and
b) targeted surveillance, as described in Chapters 1.1.4. and 2.1.17. of the Aquatic Manual, has been in
place for at least the last 2 years without detection of KHV ( deleted- koi herpesvirus detection).
OR
4. A zone previously declared free from KHVD but in which the disease is subsequently detected may not
be declared free from KHVD again (deleted - until) when the following conditions have been met:
a) on detection of the disease, the affected area was declared an infected zone and a buffer zone was
established; and
b) infected populations have been destroyed or removed from the infected zone by means that
minimise the risk of further spread of the disease, and the appropriate disinfection procedures (see
Aquatic Manual) have been completed; and
c) targeted surveillance, as described in Chapters 1.1.4. and 2.1.17. of the Aquatic Manual, has been in
place for at least the last 2 years without detection of KHV (deleted - koi herpesvirus detection); and
d) previously existing basic biosecurity conditions have been reviewed and modified as necessary and
have continuously been in place for at least the past 2 years.
Article 2.1.17.6.
Maintenance of free status
A country, zone or compartment that is declared free from KHVD following the provisions of points 1 or 2
of Articles 2.1.17.4. or 2.1.17.5. (as relevant) may maintain its status as KHVD free provided that basic
biosecurity conditions are continuously maintained.
A country, zone or compartment that is declared free from KHVD following the provisions of point 3 of
Articles 2.1.17.4. or 2.1.17.5. (as relevant) may discontinue targeted surveillance and maintain its status as
KHVD free provided that conditions that are conducive to clinical expression of KHVD, as described in
Chapter 2.1.17. of the Aquatic Manual, exist, and basic biosecurity conditions are continuously maintained.
However, for declared free zones or compartments in infected countries and in all cases where conditions are
not conducive to clinical expression of KHVD, targeted surveillance needs to be continued at a level
determined by the Competent Authority on the basis of the likelihood of infection.
Article 2.1.17.7.
Importation of live aquatic animals from a country, zone or compartment declared free from koi
herpesvirus disease
When importing live aquatic animals of species referred to in Article 2.1.17.2. from a country, zone or
compartment declared free from KHVD, the Competent Authority of the importing country should require an
international aquatic animal health certificate issued by the Competent Authority of the exporting country or a certifying
official approved by the importing country attesting that, on the basis of the procedures described in
Articles 2.1.17.4. or 2.1.17.5. (as applicable), the place of production of the commodity is a country, zone or
compartment declared free from KHVD.
The certificate should be in accordance with the Model Certificate in Appendix 4.1.1.
This Article does not apply to commodities referred to in point 1 of Article 2.1.17.3.
Article 2.1.17.8.
Importation of live aquatic animals for aquaculture from a country, zone or compartment not
declared free from koi herpesvirus disease
1. When importing, for aquaculture, live aquatic animals of species referred to in Article 2.1.17.2. from a
country, zone or compartment not declared free from KHVD, the Competent Authority of the importing
country should assess the risk and, if justified, apply the following risk mitigation measures (deleted - such as):
a). the direct delivery (deleted -in) to and lifelong holding of the consignment in biosecure (deleted- quarantine) facilities
for;
(deleted -2.) the continuous isolation(deleted - of the imported aquatic animals and their first generation progeny) from
the local environment; and
b)(deleted - 3). the treatment of all effluent and waste materials in a manner that ensures inactivation of koi
herpesvirus.
2. If the intention of the introduction is the establishment of a new stock, international standards, such
as the Code of Practice on the Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms of the International
Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES), should be followed.
3. For the purposes of the Aquatic Code, the ICES Code may be summarised to the following main
points:
a) identify stock of interest (cultured or wild) in its current location;
b) evaluate stock health/disease history;
c) take and test samples for KHV, pests and general health/disease status;
d) import and quarantine in a secure facility a founder (F-0) population;
e) produce F-1 generation from the F-0 stock in quarantine;
f) culture F-1 stock and at critical times in its development (life cycle) sample and test for KHV
and perform general examinations for pests and general health/disease status;
g) if KHV is not detected, pests are not present, and the general health/disease status of the stock
is considered to meet the basic biosecurity conditions of the importing country, zone or compartment, the
F-1 stock may be defined as KHVD free or specific pathogen free (SPF) for KHV;
h) release SPF F-1 stock from quarantine for aquaculture or stocking purposes in the country, zone or
compartment.
This Article does not apply to commodities referred to in point 1 of Article 2.1.17.3.
Article 2.1.17.9.
Importation of live aquatic animals for processing for human consumption from a country, zone
or compartment not declared free from koi herpesvirus disease
When importing, for processing for human consumption, live aquatic animals of species referred to in
Article 2.1.17.2. from a country, zone or compartment not declared free from KHVD, the Competent Authority
of the importing country should assess the risk and, if justified, require that:
1. the consignment be delivered directly to and held in quarantine facilities for slaughter and processing to
one of the products referred to in point 1 of Article 2.1.17.3. or other products authorised by the
Competent Authority; and
2. all effluent and waste materials from the processing be treated in a manner that ensures inactivation of
koi herpesvirus.
This Article does not apply to commodities referred to in point 1 of Article 2.1.17.3.
Article 2.1.17.10.
Importation of live aquatic animals intended for use in animal feed, or for agricultural, industrial
or pharmaceutical use, from a country, zone or compartment not declared free from koi
herpesvirus disease
When importing, for use in animal feed, or for agricultural, industrial or pharmaceutical use, live aquatic
animals of species referred to in Article 2.1.17.2. from a country, zone or compartment not declared free from
KHVD, the Competent Authority of the importing country should require that:
1. the consignment be delivered directly to and held in quarantine facilities for slaughter and processing
to products authorised by the Competent Authority; and
2. all effluent and waste materials from the processing be treated in a manner that ensures inactivation
of koi herpesvirus.
This Article does not apply to commodities referred to in point 1 of Article 2.1.17.3.
Article 2.1.17.11.
Importation of aquatic animal products from a country, zone or compartment declared free from koi herpesvirus disease
When importing aquatic animal products of species referred to in Article 2.1.17.2. from a country, zone or compartment declared free from KHVD, the Competent Authority of the importing country should require an international aquatic animal health certificate issued by the Competent Authority of the exporting country or a certifying official approved by the importing country attesting that, on the basis of the procedures described in Articles 2.1.17.4. or 2.1.17.5. (as applicable), the place of production of the consignment is a country, zone or compartment declared free from KHVD.
The certificate should be in accordance with the Model Certificate in Appendix 4.2.1.
This Article does not apply to commodities referred to in point 1 of Article 2.1.17.3.
Article 2.1.17.12.
Importation of aquatic animal products from a country, zone or compartment not declared free from koi herpesvirus disease
When importing aquatic animal products of species referred to in Article 2.1.17.2. from a country, zone or compartment not declared free from KHVD, the Competent Authority of the importing country should assess the risk and apply appropriate risk mitigation measures.
In the case of dead aquatic animals, whether eviscerated or uneviscerated, such risk mitigation measures may include:
1. the direct delivery into and holding of the consignment in biosecure/quarantine facilities for processing to one of the products referred to in point 1 of Article 2.1.17.3. or other products authorised by the Competent Authority;
2. the treatment of all effluent and waste materials in a manner that ensures inactivation of koi herpesvirus.
This Article does not apply to commodities referred to in point 1 of Article 2.1.17.3.
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Appendix XXII - Aquatic Health Manual Chapter - Koi Herpesvirus Disease
